E.P. Proleiko, A.P. Korzhavyi

Cold cathodes on the basis of systems «metal - the dielectric», in requirements of a stationary value of an electronic bombardment of their surface (in hermetic vacuum devices) and in requirements of their bombardment (in hermetic discharge lasers) should provide with positively ionized atoms and the accelerated particles required issue currents during tens thousand clocks. Methods of diagnostics existing earlier, the forecasting, the accelerated trials, electrophysical methods of the destroying and not destroying check, use it is model comparisons and imitating trials do not meet showed requirements on maintenance of reliability to devices of the radio-electronic equipment. Authors of the given operation have put forward two theses on this account. The first thesis, consisting that only random-statistical examinations of communications between change of physical properties in the unclosed nonequilibrium systems, exposed during a bombardment what the first cold cathodes of emitting structure «metal - the dielectric» in the working device can give inflow of energy the answer to a question on their reliability, longevities, reproducibility of operational properties, an optimality both most this emitting structure, and the device as a whole. The second thesis of authors consists that the emitting structure in the working device is a bottom of all this unclosed system and, radiating from physical and operational properties of emitting structure «metal - the dielectric», should be constructed this or that vacuum device or the discharge laser, rather the reverse, in the created construction of the device to carry out then selection of emitting structure. The experimental confirmations of the given theses are given at manufacturing laser resonators on He-Ne intermixtures.