B.A. Kosarev1, S.V. Krivaltsevich2

1 Omsk State Technical University (Omsk, Russia)

1 Omsk Scientific Center SB RAS (Institute of Radiophysics and Physical Electronics) (Omsk, Russia)

2 Omsk Scientific-Research Institute of Instrument Engineering (Omsk, Russia)

1 BorisK_88@mail.ru; 2 kriser2002@mail.ru

The range of shortwave radio communications can vary from tens to thousands of kilometers. Therefore, this type of communication is most promising for arctic, isolated, and remote areas. In the Russian Federation, such areas include the Far North. In terms of power supply, radio stations and shortwave radio communication systems have a highly variable load, with power consumption ranging from a few to hundreds of kilowatts. Given the isolation of northern territories from the Unified Energy System, power supply for radio stations and shortwave radio communication systems can only be provided by autonomous power supply systems. To achieve high-quality shortwave radio communications, autonomous power supply systems must ensure first-class reliability, high power quality indicators, and not be a source of electromagnetic interference.

Radio reception and transmission in the frequency range from 3 MHz to 30 MHz are highly dependent on natural noise (atmospheric and galactic). Station interference also impacts communication quality. Natural noise levels cannot be changed. Interference from other radio stations is technically difficult to eliminate. Therefore, even in the absence of interference from the power equipment of a shortwave radio communication system, an acceptable signal-to-noise ratio cannot always be achieved, especially in the Far North. Interference amplitudes from power equipment must be so small that they can be ignored in measurements and calculations. Therefore, a low level of electromagnetic interference is a mandatory requirement for autonomous power supply systems for radio stations and shortwave radio communication systems. Consideration should also be given to the impact of harmonic distortion on the level of the autonomous power supply system for radio equipment in the distribution network. Shortwave radio equipment is connected to the distribution network using pulsed power supplies. Switched-mode power supplies are sources of higher harmonics. Significant distortion of the sinusoidal waveform of the line voltage affects losses and contributes to the occurrence of resonance phenomena.

Thus, the issue of electromagnetic compatibility between the power equipment of an autonomous power supply system and radio equipment exists. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the electromagnetic compatibility of the power equipment of an autonomous power supply system and shortwave radio equipment.

This paper demonstrates the relationship between the rapidly changing nature of the load and ferroresonance. Harmonic distortions of the line voltage under ferroresonance conditions and when connecting pulsed power supplies are assessed. According to the simulation results, at the connection point of the pulsed power supply, the voltage spectrum is represented by odd harmonics of the 3rd (7.3%), 5th (1.6%), 7th (3.2%), 9th (0.4%), 11th (2%), and 13th (0.2%) orders. Under ferroresonance, the voltage spectrum contains odd harmonics of the 3rd (33%), 5th (17%), 7th (10%), and 9th (7%) orders. The paper also describes the mechanism for the emission of higher harmonics from an autonomous power supply system to radio equipment and vice versa.

The research results can be used in the design of autonomous power supply systems with rapidly fluctuating loads, including the design of power supply systems for radio stations and shortwave radio communication systems.

Kosarev B.A., Krivaltsevich S.V. Higher-order harmonics in the autonomous power supply system of a shortwave radio station: causes of occurrence and routes of spread. Radiotekhnika. 2026. V. 90. № 5. P. 181−190. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18127/j00338486-202605-20 (In Russian)

1. https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_366065 (data obrashcheniya: 22.11.2025) (in Russian).
2. Zachatejskij D.E., Hazan V.L. Korotkovolnovaya retranslyacionnaya set' svyazi dlya morskih spasatel'no-koordinacionnyh centrov, obespechivayushchih bezopasnost' moreplavaniya v akvatorii Severnogo morskogo puti. Tekhnika radiosvyazi. 2024. № 2(61). S. 7-15 (in Russian).
3. Kosarev B.A., Krival'cevich S.V. Primenenie raspredelennoj generacii elektroenergii dlya snizheniya nagruzki na sistemy elektropitaniya radiostancij v periody pikovoj nagruzki. Radiotekhnika. 2021. T. 85. № 10. S. 137-148. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18127/j00338486-202110-13 (in Russian).
4. Lukutin B.V., Kiushkina V.R. Harakteristiki energeticheskoj bezopasnosti decentralizovannogo rajona i avtonomnogo ob"ekta elektrifikacii. Vestnik Irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta. 2021. T. 25. № 1(156). S. 66-79 (in Russian).
5. Voropaj N.I., Stychinski Z.A., Shushpanov I.N., Fam Ch.Sh., Suslov K.V. Model' rezhimnoj nadezhnosti «aktivnyh» raspredelitel'nyh elektricheskih setej. Izvestiya RAN. Ser. Energetika. 2013. № 6. S. 70-79 (in Russian).
6. Voropaj N.I., Stennikov V.A. Integrirovannye intellektual'nye energeticheskie sistemy. Izvestiya RAN. Ser. Energetika. 2014. № 1. S. 64-71 (in Russian).
7. Zachatejskij D.E., Hazan V.L. Korotkovolnovaya retranslyacionnaya set' svyazi dlya morskih spasatel'no-koordinacionnyh centrov, obespechivayushchih bezopasnost' moreplavaniya v akvatorii Severnogo morskogo puti. Tekhnika radiosvyazi. 2024. № 2(61). S. 7-15 (in Russian).
8. Kosarev B.A., Krival'cevich S.V. Primenenie raspredelennoj generacii elektroenergii dlya snizheniya nagruzki na sistemy elektropitaniya radiostancij v periody pikovoj nagruzki. Radiotekhnika. 2021. T. 85. № 10. S. 137-148. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18127/j00338486-202110-13 (in Russian).
9. Lukutin B.V., Kiushkina V.R. Harakteristiki energeticheskoj bezopasnosti decentralizovannogo rajona i avtonomnogo ob"ekta elektrifikacii. Vestnik Irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta. 2021. T. 25. № 1(156). S. 66-79 (in Russian).
10. Voropaj N.I., Stychinski Z.A., Shushpanov I.N., Fam Ch.Sh., Suslov K.V. Model' rezhimnoj nadezhnosti «aktivnyh» raspredelitel'nyh elektricheskih setej. Izvestiya RAN. Ser. Energetika. 2013. № 6. S. 70-79 (in Russian).
11. Voropaj N.I., Stennikov V.A. Integrirovannye intellektual'nye energeticheskie sistemy. Izvestiya RAN. Ser. Energetika. 2014. № 1. S. 64-71 (in Russian).
12. Marchenko O.V., Solomin S.V. Economic efficiency of renewable energy sources in autonomous energy systems in Russiа. International Journal of Renewable Energy Research. 2014. V. 4. № 3. P. 548-554.
13. Ivanova I.Y., Tuguzova T.F., Nogovitsyn D.D., Shakirov V.A., Sheina Z.M., Sergeeva L.P. On efficiency of wind power use for power supply of the Arctic Districts of Yakutia. Journal of International Scientific Publications: Ecology and Safety. 2014. V. 8. P. 636-641.
14. Patent № 2811559 C1 (RF), MPK H02H 3/06. Sposob zashchity linij elektroperedachi i protivoavarijnogo upravleniya v elektricheskih setyah s raspredelennoj generaciej: zayavl. 05.06.2023: opubl. 15.01.2024. Fishov A.G., Osincev A.A.; zayavitel' Novosibirskij gos. tekhnich. un-t (in Russian).
15. Molodyuk V.V., Ilyushin P.V., Isamuhamedov Ya. Sh., Tyagunov M.G., Ivanovskij D.A., Vol'nyj V.S. Obzor trendov razvitiya i opyta ispol'zovaniya raspredelennyh energeticheskih resursov po sostoyaniyu na 2024 g. Energetik. 2025. № 6. S. 59-62 (in Russian).
16. Kolesnikov A.A., Kulikov A.L., Starshov I.S. Issledovanie vozmozhnosti primeneniya napravlennoj logicheskoj zashchity shin 6-10 kV na podstanciyah s raspredelennymi istochnikami energii. Relejnaya zashchita i avtomatizaciya. 2025. № 2(59). S. 10-17 (in Russian).
17. Jamil A., Tu W., Tahir M., Lee J., Terriche Y., Guerrero J. A decentralized control strategy for optimal operation of multi-sources in shipboard power systems. Electrical Engineering. 2025. DOI:107. 9591-9609. 10.1007/s00202-025-02990-3.
18. Yu Y., Guan Y., Kang W., Vasquez J., Guerrero J. A Generic inertial-response preserved active-damping control for grid-forming inverters emulating synchronous machines. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics. 2024. P. 1-9. DOI: 10.1109/TIE.2024.3481992.
19. Bocharov V., Gurenkov N., Kornilov A., Parfenov E., Reznikov S. Elektroenergeticheskaya i elektromagnitnaya sovmestimost' vtorichnyh impul'snyh istochnikov pitaniya s avtonomnymi sistemami elektrosnabzheniya. Silovaya elektronika. 2009. № 21. S. 50-53 (in Russian).
20. Reznikov S., Bocharov V., Konyahin S., Gurenkov N. Elektroenergeticheskaya i elektromagnitnaya sovmestimost' vtorichnyh istochnikov impul'snogo pitaniya s avtonomnymi sistemami elektrosnabzheniya peremennogo toka. Ch. V. Modelirovanie induktivno emkostnyh preobrazovatelej (IEP) s vypryamitel'no-emkostnoj nagruzkoj v sostave odnokaskadnyh i dvuhkaskadnyh VIIP. Silovaya elektronika. 2010. № 26. S. 48-53 (in Russian).
21. Jainal S. Electromagnetic Interference in the railway spot communication systems. International Journal of Advanced Trends in Computer Science and Engineering. 2020. P. 114-118. DOI: 10.30534/ijatcse/2020/2191.12020.
22. Eliardsson P., Axell E., Stenumgaard P., Wiklundh K., Johansson B., Asp B. Military HF communications considering unintentional platform-generated electromagnetic interference. 2015. DOI: 10.1109/ICMCIS.2015.7158700.
23. Clark L., White S. DRM transmitters and technologies. 2010. P. 15-18.
24. Bartenev A.I., Semenov V.D. Sistema elektropitaniya mobil'nogo kompleksa radiosvyazi. Sb. izbrannyh statej nauch. sessii TUSUR. 2024. № 1-1. S. 226-229 (in Russian).
25. Pavlakovic G., Hrabar S. High-power shortwave DRM transmitter in solid-state technology. Automatika. 2018. V. 59(2). P. 158–171.
26. Murav'ev D.I., Lukutin B.V. Primenenie raspredelennoj foto-dizel'noj sistemy elektrosnabzheniya postoyannogo toka v voprosah obespecheniya energeticheskoj bezopasnosti. Sb. statej po materialam mezhdunar. nauch.-praktich. konf. «Ekologicheskaya, promyshlennaya i energeticheskaya bezopasnost' - 2019». Pod red. L.I. Lukinoj, N.V. Lyaminoj. Sevastopol': FGAOU VO «Sevastopol'skij gosudarstvennyj universitet». 2019. S. 1116-1120 (in Russian).
27. Gurevich Yu.E., Ilyushin P.V. Osobennosti raschetov rezhimov venergorajonah s raspredelennoj generaciej: Monografiya. Nizhnij Novgorod: NIU RANHiGS. 2018. 280 s. (in Russian).
28. Falbo L., Algieri A. Experimental investigation on the performance of a micro-ORC system for different operating conditions. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 2023. V. 2648(1). P. 12025. DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/2648/1/012025.
29. Lukutin B.V., Murav'ev D.I. Imitacionnaya model' fotodizel'noj sistemy elektrosnabzheniya s intellektual'nym upravleniem. Materialy III Vseros. nauch.-tekhnich. konf. s mezhdunar. uchastiem «Borisovskie chteniya». Krasnoyarsk: Sibirskij federal'nyj universitet. 2021. S. 57-61 (in Russian).
30. Yanchenko S.A., Sharafeddin K.F., Cyruk S.A. Obespechenie elektromagnitnoj sovmestimosti v setyah s chastotno-reguliru-emymi privodami. Promyshlennaya energetika. 2024. № 5. S. 43-49 (in Russian).
31. Nazirov H.B., Abdulkerimov S. A., Ganiev Z.S., Dzhuraev Sh.D., Ah'eev D.S. Ocenka rezhima raboty invertorov solnechnyh elektrostancij s tochki zreniya obespecheniya kachestva elektroenergii. Elektrotekhnicheskie sistemy i kompleksy. 2023. № 1(58). S. 31-38 (in Russian).
32. Hadzimehmedovic A., Madžarević V., Pejdanović M., Hivziefendic J. Electromagnetic compatibility of inverters in low power wirelless technology enviroment within globally unlicensed ISM 2.4 ghz short-range radio frequency band. Technics Technologies Education Management. 2013. V. 8. P. 614.
33. IEEE Std C37.91™ -2021 (IEEE Guide for Protecting Power Transformers).
34. Eduful G., Fan Y., Abu-Siada A. Investigating ferroresonance susceptibility in various transformer configurations: a simulation‐based study. International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems. 2025. DOI: 2025. 10.1155/etep/2736382.
35. El-shafhy M., M. Abdel-hamed A., Badran E. Ferroresonance in distribution systems – state of the art. Przegląd elektrotechniczny. 2022. V. 1. P. 3-17. DOI: 10.15199/48.2022.11.01.
36. Kosarev B.A. Sposob detektirovaniya ferrorezonansa v silovyh transformatorah i reaktorah. Elektrotekhnika. 2025. № 5. S. 22–27.
37. Cyruk C.A., Yanchenko S.A., Ryzhkova E.N. Modelirovanie osnovnyh istochnikov nesinusoidal'nosti v bytovyh elektrosetyah. Vestnik MEI. 2013. № 3. S. 67-71 (in Russian).
38. Valverde V., Mazon A. J., Zamora I., Buigues G. Ferroresonance in voltage transformers: Analysis and Simulations. Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal. 2011. V. 1. P. 465–471.