D.A. Gabrielyan1, K.D. Samoylenko2, D.A. Volkov3, E.E. Kozlova4, A.R. Safin5

1-5 Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow, Russia)

1,3,5 National Research University “Moscow Power Engineering Institute” (Moscow, Russia)

2,4 Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (Dolgoprudny, Russia)

1 davidgabrielyan1997@gmail.com; 2 kris_samoylenko@mail.ru; 3 d.a.volkov.work@gmail.com; 4 elizabethkozlova1@gmail.com; 5 arsafin@gmail.com

Modern communication technologies, including 5G and future telecommunication systems, require the utilization of increasingly higher frequency ranges, reaching tens and even hundreds of gigahertz. This necessitates the search for new materials and structures capable of efficiently operating under such conditions. One of the key challenges is the development of devices with the ability to be tuned over a wide range of resonance frequencies. Such technologies open up prospects for the creation of adaptive signal processing, reception, and transmission systems, which are crucial for enhancing the efficiency of modern communication networks.

Magnetic materials possess unique physical properties that make them promising candidates for various microwave components such as circulators, isolators, filters, generators, and detectors. They exhibit different types of magnetic resonance, enabling the control of their dynamic characteristics, including resonance frequency tuning and quality factor, under the influence of external fields. In particular, ferromagnetic materials exhibit resonance frequencies in the range of a few to tens of gigahertz, making them highly desirable for high-frequency applications. However, for operation at even higher frequencies, antiferromagnets are of particular interest, as their resonance frequencies can reach hundreds of gigahertz and even approach the terahertz range.

Among antiferromagnetic materials, hematite (α-Fe₂O₃) stands out due to its unique properties. In addition to its high-frequency antiferromagnetic mode, it also exhibits a ferromagnetic mode that can be efficiently tuned using an external magnetic field. This material demonstrates resonance frequencies within the relevant microwave range and possesses several important characteristics, including a high Néel temperature, low magnetic losses, and the ability to effectively control its magnetic parameters through external fields. Due to these properties, devices based on antiferromagnets offer several advantages, such as high-speed operation, energy efficiency, and thermal stability. These attributes make them highly promising for the advancement of spintronic technologies, the modernization of microwave components, and the development of next-generation telecommunication systems, including 6G and beyond.

However, the effective application of such materials in radio-frequency devices requires the development of precise models that integrate both experimental data and theoretical analysis. Accurate modeling and theoretical descriptions of these systems not only deepen our understanding of the fundamental processes occurring in antiferromagnetic materials but also enable the design of efficient engineering solutions for contemporary and future radio-frequency applications.

The objective of this work is to develop a radio-frequency model of a detector based on hematite (α-Fe₂O₃) and to compare the obtained experimental data with theoretical analysis based on the sigma model of antiferromagnetism and an equivalent radio-frequency model. This research aims to enhance our understanding of the physical processes occurring in hematite and propose new approaches for the development of high-frequency applications operating within the frequency ranges relevant to modern and future telecommunication systems. The advancement of such technologies is of strategic significance, as it contributes to improving communication efficiency, enhancing the performance of radio-frequency components, and expanding the capabilities of next-generation communication networks.

Gabrielyan D.A., Samoylenko K.D., Volkov D.A., Kozlova E.E., Safin A.R. Rectification of microwave oscillations using antiferromagnetic heterostructures. Radiotekhnika. 2025. V. 89. № 6. P. 23−34. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18127/j00338486-202506-03 (In Russian)

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