G.A. Kolotkov1

1 V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics SB RAS (Tomsk, Russia)

1 kolotkov@iao.ru

Formulation of the problem. The currently widely used methods for monitoring and assessing the radiation situation in the study areas are based on the analysis of precipitated aerosols and radiometry data. The quantitative characterization of radioactive contamination of soils is carried out using a network of stationary posts, a set of methods and measuring instruments: gamma spectrometers, highly efficient filter materials, as well as measuring radioactive aerosols. Sampling techniques and their subsequent chemical or electric arc analysis require a lot of time for sample preparation and processing, as a result of which they are not effective enough. In addition, such methods are not remote and do not allow to assess the overall level of radioactive contamination, to obtain a picture of the distribution of radioactive substances in the soil in real time. The following requirements are imposed on the methods of remote detection of increased radioactivity in the near-surface and surface air environment: economy, time-consuming, efficiency. Soils with a high content of radionuclides are of primary interest because they include: alluvial deposits of minerals; ash dumps; storage facilities for liquid radioactive waste; places used for storing industrial and construction waste, including technical equipment containing radioactive materials. The work is aimed at solving the problem of remote detection of the increased radiation background of the earth using an airborne radiometric complex of an aircraft or helicopter type. The developed passive monitoring method is based on measuring the power of spontaneous emission of atomic hydrogen from the earth's surface at a frequency of 1420 MHz.

Purpose. Determine local areas of change in the radiation background in the southeast of the Tomsk region with an increased content of natural and anthropogenic radionuclides. Assess the possibility of measuring the radiation background of the earth's surface by secondary manifestations of radioactivity with an onboard radiometer with a planar antenna.

Tasks. Analysis of sources and density of radioactive contamination of soils and radiochemical processes triggered by homodyne dissociation of water molecules under the influence of radioactive radiation of potassium and uranium. Simulation of processes of excitation of gaseous and aerosol soil components under the influence of radioactive radiation of potassium and uranium. Simulation of the interaction of bremsstrahlung of electrons and components of the medium. Study of the kinetics of photochemical reactions. Calculation of the stationary concentration of atomic hydrogen. Evaluation of the power of radio emission at a frequency of 1420 MHz from the study area, using the example of areas in the southeast of the Tomsk region. Conduct a theoretical assessment of the distance at which it is possible to register this radiation from the earth's surface in accordance with the level of pollution. Substantiation of the technical characteristics of the radiometric complex (dimensions of the receiving antenna).

Results. The main features of the content of potassium and uranium in the upper soil layer of the southeast of the Tomsk region are considered. Based on field research data with a GS-512 portable gamma spectrometer, ICP-MS analysis and using the ArcGIS software product, geoinformation models of the distribution of potassium and uranium in the soils of the study area were created. As a result of the study, it was shown that the differences in the contents of potassium and uranium in some places reach an excess of three times, and within the zone of small-leaved forests in the southeast of the Tomsk region, they generally correspond to the background ones.

Practical relevance. The results of the research will provide an opportunity to conduct radiophysical mapping of local changes in the radiation background of the earth's surface based on the measurement of weak electromagnetic radiation in the frequency range of 1.4-1.7 GHz using the existing onboard radiometer. The developed method will make it possible to remotely detect radioactively contaminated land in the study areas. It will reduce the growth of risks to life and improve the health of citizens, which in turn will have a beneficial effect on the economy.

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