V.A. Vargauzin1, D.V. Rachitskii2, N.A. Rassadin3

1, 3 Peter The Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University (Saint-Petersburg, Russia)

2 JSC STC (Saint-Petersburg, Russia)

The literature considers different algorithms for determining the location (DL) of a radio emission source (RES). At the same time, it is generally accepted to divide them into two-stage and one-stage. The latter are also called direct ones [1-6], since they imply the estimation of the DL of the RES directly (directly) by signal processing (in contrast to two-stage algorithms, in which, for example, at the first stage, cross-correlation signal processing only estimates the delays for the subsequent the second stage of evaluation of DL of RES [7]). Among direct algorithms, in turn, first of all, algorithms that use a signal of an unknown shape are considered. At the same time, the case when the signal shape is still known [6, 8] may also be interesting. It is possible to form an estimate of the signal shape, for example, by demodulating the received signal of the receiving station (RS), thereby obtaining the information sequence transmitted by the RES, and generating a radio signal by modulating the radio frequency carrier with this sequence (such an operation is often called remodulation [9,10]). The algorithm presented in [6] for a known waveform demonstrates a gain in relation to a similar algorithm without using a known waveform. In this case, the algorithm can be interpreted as a generalization of a two-stage differential-rangefinder algorithm to a one-stage algorithm for an arbitrary number of RS. At the same time, an algorithm can be constructed as a generalization of a two-stage rangefinder algorithm to a one-stage algorithm. Such an algorithm is not presented in the literature. The obtained algorithm, which can be considered as a generalization of the two-stage ranging algorithm, allows one to significantly increase the efficiency of the DL of RES in comparison with the algorithm, which is a generalization of the difference-range algorithm.

Vargauzin V.A., Rachitskii D.V., Rassadin N.A. ML algorithm for the problem of determining the location of a radio emission source at a known signal shape. Radiotekhnika. 2023. V. 87. № 1. P. 23−29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18127/j00338486-202301-02 (In Russian)

1. Weiss A.J., Amar A. Direct geolocation of stationary wideband radio signal based on time delays and Doppler shifts. Proceedings
   of 15 th IEEE Workshop on Statistical Signal Processing. 2009. P. 101-104.
2. Weiss A.J. Direct Geolocation of Wideband Emitters Based on Delay and Doppler. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing. 2011. V. 59. № 6. P. 2513-2521.
3. Ma F., Liu Z.-M., Guo F. Direct Position Determination for Wideband Sources Using Fast Approximation. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology. 2019. V. 68. № 8 P. 8216-8221.
4. Vankayalapati N., Kay S., Ding Q. TDOA based direct positioning maximum likelihood estimator and the Cramer-Rao bound. IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems. 2014. V. 50. № 3. P. 1616-1635.
5. Stein S. Differential delay/Doppler ML estimation with unknown signals. IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing. 1993. V. 41. № 8.
   P. 2717-2719.
6. Vargauzin V.A., Rachickij D.V., Rassadin N.A. Algoritm opredelenija mestopolozhenija istochnika radioizluchenija pri izvestnoj forme signala dlja proizvol'nogo chisla stancij. Materialy Vseross. konf. «Nedelja nauki IJeiT». SPb: Izd-vo Politehn. un-ta. 2021. S. 22-25 (In Russian).
7. Vargauzin V.A., Nikolaev D.I. High precision passive radar algorithm. Computing, Telecommunications and Control. 2021. V. 14. № 1. P. 43–49 (In Russian).
8. Syten'kij V.D., Bakaev A.V. Opredelenie koordinat ob’ekta po izvestnym parametram istochnikov izluchenija. Vestnik vozdushno-kosmicheskoj oborony. 2018. №. 3. S. 94-101 (In Russian).
9. Hachaturjan A.B. Remoduljacija signala cifrovogo televidenija dlja radiolokacionnyh prilozhenij. T rudy ezhegodnoj NTK NTORJeS SPb. 2019. № 1. S. 57-58 (In Russian).
10. Patent na izobretenie RU 2629012 C1, 24.08.2017. Sposob obrabotki sostavnyh signalov, rabotajushhih v obshhej polose chastot.  Goncharov A.F. i dr. Zajavka № 2016118954 ot 16.05.2016 (In Russian).
11. Kistanov P.A., Titov A.A., Carik O.V., Cikin I.A., Shherbinina E.A. Sravnitel'naja jeffektivnost' dvuh raznostno-dal'nomernyh metodov sputnikovoj geolokacii // Radiotehnika. 2020. T. 84. № 12. S. 17-30 (In Russian).
12. Patent na izobretenie 2740640 C1, 19.01.2021. Raznostnodal'nomernyj sposob opredelenija koordinat istochnika radioizluchenija (varianty) i ustrojstva dlja ih realizacii. Zolotov A.V., Naumov A.S., Pirogov R.A., Rachickij D.V., Smirnov P.L., Terent'ev A.V., Carik O.V. Zajavka № 2020108614 ot 27.02.2020 (In Russian).