V.I. Gusevsky - Dr. Sci. (Eng.), professor, Senior researcher research Bureau MPEI and MPEI. E-mail: vigvam332@rambler.ru
V.Е. Bondarev - M. Si in radio engineerings, engineer Special Research Bureau MPEI. E-mail: bondarevvly@gmail.com

Using orthogonal decomposition of amplitude-phase distribution of the fields of linear and planar aperture antennas it is proposed to introduce the term «standard» distortion of antennas patterns in the far zone. It is shown that the orthogonal phase perturbations of fields in antennas apertures of arbitrary form possess the properties of own functions of an integral operator (integral of Kirchhoff) converting fields from the antenna aperture in the appropriate orthogonal fields in the far zone. Mutually orthogonal phase perturbations of the field in the aperture allow, for example, to stabilize the orientation of the main maximum of the pattern in the given direction. There are identified the local zones in antenna apertures, phase perturbations in which have the greatest influence on the formation of different orthogonal harmonic of resulting phase distribution. This approach can be used to generate failures in patterns not only of the phase-amplitude distributions, which have the possibility of installing the various laws of phasing, but also for the control of patterns of mirror parabolic antennas. In article it is shown that for this purpose there are used passive diffusers, which subsequently can be matched with controlled phasing elements. In this article there are formulated the further directions of development of these methods.