A.O. Zhukov, S.V. Logunov

Identification of individual elements of the design of spacecraft can be made on a spectral energy distribution of the solar radiation reflected from the relevant structural elements. Differences in spectral coefficients of reflect of the contents of the external structural elements of spacecraft different types and correlations between the size of the individual elements lead to differences in the spectra of reflected from them solar radiation. This task requires knowledge of the reflective properties of the materials from which are created or are covered by the elements of a design of the spacecraft. Analysis of the results showed that space objects (SO) is grouping by spectral characteristics in two-colour diagram. You can make the assumption about the material, contributing a dominant contribution to the reflected radiation from the surface of the object. It was noted that it is needed to account changes of mechanical, optical and electrophysical characteristics of their surface, occurring under the influence of space factors (SF) at long-term observations SO. It leads to change of the reflective abilities of materials and, consequently, to other spectral characteristics. The diversity of the SF, acting on the spacecrafts, complex energy spectra affecting corpuscular and electromagnetic radiation, possibility of impacts of the SF in various combinations and in different time-sequence - all of it significantly complicates the studying and prediction of the behaviour of materials in space environment. As a result the reflective characteristics for each of the observed object change considerably, becoming individual. This fact can be registered using optical facility - long-term observations allow to reliably identify the effect of «ageing» of materials of the surface SO. Thus, the main value of spectral observations SO when solving the inverse photometric task consists in the possibility of determining the element of the surface SO on the structure of reflected solar radiation, and use it in solving the problem of identification. There is a possibility to use spectral observations for photometric light curves decoding, in parallel executing processing of spectrophotometry data with the information received in the integral light.