350 rub
Journal Nonlinear World №2 for 2009 г.
Article in number:
Blind Carrier and Phase Estimation of QAM Signal Using Constellation-Matched Nonlinear Transform and the Least-Squares Approach
Keywords: additive mixture of noise and harmonic process white Gaussian noise Constellation Estimation
Authors:
O.V. Karavan, V.A. Timofeev
Abstract:
This paper presents the blind carrier frequency and phase estimator of QAM signal comprising the two stages. At first signal is subjected to the transform which consists of instant phase multiplication by the integer number and instant amplitude nonlinear transform. As the result the signal turns into additive mixture of noise and harmonic process which parameters relate to the initial signal carrier frequency and phase in a certain way. At the second stage estimations are obtained by means of the least-squares method applying to the transformed signal. Closed-form expressions for estimations asymptotic (large sample size) variances are derived for QAM signal under the AWGN conditions. The expression for optimal nonlinear transform is derived by means of this variances minimization. The estimator presented can be applied to a wide variety of constellations and has high statistical efficiency. The results obtained by means of simulation are in good agreement with theoretical calculations
Pages: 91
References
  1. Webb W., Hanzo L., Keller T. Single- and Multi-carrier Quadrature Amplitude Modulation: Principles and Applications for Personal Communications, WLANs and Broadcasting. Second Edition. - New York.: John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2000.
  2. MengaliU., D'Andrea A.N. Synchronization Techniques for Digital Receivers. - New York: Plenum Press, 1997.
  3. Wang Y. New Advances in Synchronization of Digital Communication Receivers. - Ph.D. Dissertation. Texas: A&MUniversity, December 2003.
  4. Wang Y., Serpedin E., Ciblat, P. Optimal Blind Nonlinear Least-Squares Carrier Phase and Frequency Offset Estimation for General QAM Modulations. - IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 2003, vol. 2, no. 5, pp. 1040 - 1054.
  5. Stoica P., Moses R. Introduction to Spectral Analysis. Englewood Cliffs, New York.: Prentice-Hall, 1997.
  6. Hasan T. Nonlinear time series regression for a class of amplitude modulated cosinusoids. - J. Time Series Analysis, 1982, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 109 - 122.
  7. Kootsookos P.J. A Review of the Frequency Estimation and Tracking Problems. - Technical Report by Cooperative Research Centre for Robust and Adaptive Systems, Salisbury, Australia, 1999.
  8. Rife D.C., Boorstyn R.R. Single-Tone Parameter Estimation from Discrete-Time Observations. - IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 1974, vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 591 - 598.
  9. Quinn B.G. Estimating Frequency by Interpolation Using Fourier Coefficients. - IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 1994, vol. 42, no. 5, pp. 1264 - 1268.
  10. Abatzoglou T.J. A Fast Maximum Likelihood Algorithm for Frequency Estimation of a Sinusoid Based on Newton's Method. - IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1985, vol. ASSP-33, no. 1, pp. 77 - 89.
  11. Ciblat P, Ghogho M. Blind NLLS Carrier Frequency-Offset Estimation for QAM, PSK, and PAM Modulations: Performance at Low SNR. - IEEE Transactions on Communications, 2006, vol. 54, no. 10, pp. 1725 - 1730.
  12. Abramowitz M., StegunI. A. Handbook of Mathematical Functions with Formulas, Graphs, and Mathematical Tables. - NBS Applied Mathematics Series 55, National Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC, 1964.
  13. GNU Scientific Library. www.gnu.org/software/gsl/
  14. Орлов А.И. Непараметрическое точечное и интервальное оценивание характеристик распределения. - Заводская лаборатория, 2004, т. 70, №5, с. 65 - 70.
  15. AMD Core Math Library. www.amd.com/acml
  16. Boost С++ Libraries. http://www.boost.org/
  17. Rice F., Cowley B., Moran B. Cramer-Rao lower bounds for QAM phase and frequency estimation. - IEEE Transactions on Communications, 2001, vol. 49, no. 9, pp. 1582 - 1591.
  18. Караван О.В., Тимофеев В.А. Оценка амплитуды сигнала с квадратурной амплитудной модуляцией на фоне АБГШ с помощью итерационного процесса ЕМ типа. - Труды XIV междунар. научно-технич. конф. «Радиолокация, навигация, связь», г. Воронеж, 2008, т. 1, с. 210 - 217.