E.A. Nikitina - Dr.Sc. (Philos.), Professor, Department «Philosophy, sociology and political science», Institute of Innovative Technologies and Public Administration - Moscow Technological University (MIREA) (Moscow). E-mail: nikitina@mirea.ru

The formation of the paradigm of subjectivity in neurophilosophy that possess principal significance for the modeling of intelligence [1-3] depends on success in shaping a general theory of a brain and on development of a comprehensive methodology for combining data on "a subject" from philosophy, neuroscience, psychophysiology, psychology. In philosophy, the subject is an individual possessing a material body, embedded in culture and society, with a concrete biography associated with other people by social, communicative and other from the relations. \"To be a subject\" means the ability to carry out the synthesis of various information coming both from the external world and from the inner world of a man, the ability to combine information about past, present and future and turn it into knowledge, that becomes a foundation for a purpose-oriented activity. The property \"to be a subject\" has been formed by humans during social evolution as a tool of adaptation to constantly changing, probabilistic environment. The "subject-individual" is an open self-organizing system which interacts with the environment. The individual subjectively grasps, stores, reproduces the collective, universal social knowledge, experience of human activity, at the same time supporting and developing the culture and society in the process of purpose-oriented activity, that transforms the human environment [4]. Accordingly, the brain is an open self-organizing system, that fixes the models of interaction with the organism and reproduces them on the basis of purposeful determination. A number of studies have indicated that the basis of the subjective experience represented a synthesis of information that provides a comparison of incoming information with the memory and determines the content of consciousness [5]. At the same time the systematic and evolutionary approach in psychophysiology allowed us to link neuronal activity with the systemic structure of individual experience of the body, with the general principles of the organization of functional systems. The subject from this point of view is a set of functional systems that embody evolutionary and individual memory. Presented approaches to the interpretation of the subject could be considered as specifically scientific interpretation of the activity-centered approach, developed at the intersection of philosophy and psychology [4]. Comparative analysis showed that systemic-informational approach can become the basis of a comprehensive methodology, creating new opportunities for the study of complex objects on the basis of common properties and regularities of the manifestations of information processes.

 

1. Magnani L., Ping Li. (Eds). Model-Based Reasoning in Science, Technology, and Medicine. Guangshou. Springer. 2007. 520 p.
2. Nikitina E.A.Iskusstvennyjj intellekt: filosofija, metodologija, innovacii // Filosofskie problemy informacionnykh tekhnologijj i kiberprostranstva. 2014. № 2 (8). S. 108-122. DOI: 10.17726/philIT.165.12.
3. Stepanjan I.V., Denisov EH.I., Eremin A.L., Bodjakin V.I., Savelev A.V. Algoritmy optimizacii intellektualnogo truda metodami vizualizacii informacii s pomoshhju kognitivnojj semanticheskojj grafiki // Nejjrokompjutery: razrabotka, primenenie. 2014. № 7. S. 53-59.
4. Nikitina E.A. Problema subekta poznanija v sovremennojj ehpistemologii //Perspektivy nauki i obrazovanija. 2015. № 2 (4). S. 16-24. URL: https://pnojournal.files.wordpress.com/2015/01/pdf_150202.pdf
5. Ivanickijj A.M. «CHtenie mozga»: dostizhenija, perspektivy, ehticheskie problemy // ZHurnal vysshejj nervnojj dejatelnosti. 2012. № 62 (2). S. 133-142.