B.V. Zhuravlev - Dr.Sc. (Med.), Professor, Head of Laboratory, P.K. Anokhin Institute of Normal Physiology (Moscow). E-mail: b.zhuravlev@nphys.ru E.P. Murtazina - Ph.D. (Med.), Leading Researcher, P.K. Anochin Institute of Normal Physiology (Moscow). E-mail: e.murtazina@nphys.ru

According to the theory of functional systems, the principle of anticipatory reflection of reality in living systems is the basis of all the adaptive processes that ensure the survival of organisms. Taking into account this principle and our experimental investigations, a model is proposed in which processes of an advancing are realized through hierarchically organized subsystems. Consider this model on the example of the functional system of nutrition. Let\'s denote the cell of an organism as a \"subsystem\" of the lower level. Her metabolism is constantly supported at the expense of intracellular reserves - depot of bio-chemical substrates. This intracellular reserve is replenished by membrane processes transport of nutrients from the interstitial fluid and the bloodstream. Therefore, contained in the blood the nutrients are for cell\'s level are depot of the next level of subsystem, which performs the function of the advance mechanism to ensure intracellular processes. In turn, the constancy of the depot into the blood plasma is provided by \"advanced\" digestion in the small intestine. Thus, nutrients in the small intestine is the depot of the next level. The complex of these processes of digestion and absorption into the bloodstream through the walls of the small intestine represents a more complex subsystem, which is regulated with the participation of the peripheral nervous system. In turn, food for the processes of digestion comes from the stomach, which acts as a depot for the intestines. Admission to the food the stomach is provided a functional system of behavioral level (FS) under the control of the central nervous system: for example, cooking and eating. This is the most complex of FS, which includes zoo-social and social activities, in particular, a food storage in the following depots: e.g., tree holes or burrow in animals; in a refrigerators or in a grocery stores for the humans. Finally, the deposition of nutrients for the human communities is ensured of a broad social FS on the principle of advancing: agricultural production, fisheries, etc. Thus, the presented model by the example of a functional system of the nutrition is hierarchical organization of subsystems based on the principle of anticipatory reflection of reality and processes of deposit nutrients. We believe that the proposed structure can be used when building of the models for other bio-organismic and technical systems, as well as for the understanding of many normal and pathophysiological processes in medicine.

 

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