G.S. Voronkov - Dr.Sc. (Biol.), Leading Research Scientist, Biological Faculty, М.V. Lomonosov\'s Moscow State University, Moscow. E-mail: av13675@yandex.ru

This paper describes in detail the phenomenon that is defined here as a specific vision deficit (SVD). The phenomenon is known in ophthalmology. However, the generally accepted SVD description is absent. The phenomenon is present in the visual sensation, that in a small hole peek-a-boo there exists a web-like patch (SVDp) with the different type inclusions. SVDp disturbs clearly to see through it the background picture, for instance, the ophthalmic table letters. SVDp comes to light in the patients including with normal vision. This paper stand out two pictures characterizing SVDp, stationary (fixed, stable) and dynamic (moving, changing). The characteristics of these pictures are described and analyzed. The stationary picture defines a general patch form and can contain stable inclusions as whitish \"vesicles\"; the patch form remains unchanged after winking and the vesicles save their specific location in SVDp and number for the given eye, constant through the research sessions. The dynamic picture is the various-size-and-form dark and whitish inclusions, appearing after winking, come downwards or remain in SVDp but disappear after the following winking. The SVD patch and its all stable and dynamic inclusions do not shift with a gaze relative to the background objects visible through the small hole. But they are displaced in the background along with the hole displacement when the gaze is fixed at some object of the background. They do not turn round together with the hole at its rotation. But they (and movement direction of dynamic inclusions) turn round together with inclination of the head to the side. SVDp is seen simultaneously in all the holes if several of the holes are located not far from one another. Herewith each SVDp is similar to those created by the rest holes. There is an observation that SVDp is far more expressed in the eye having smaller quip of the vision. Based on the initial analysis, the author does not exclude that the patch picture has a composite nature, that she is conditioned simultaneously by two main factors, external (the wave characteristic of the light) and internal (the defects in eye structures conducting light and the interaction of the central structures, providing/creating the vision sensation). For analysis the described unexpected SVDp characteristics, conditioned by internal factor, the author attracts the ophthalmology information, as well as the neurophysiologic notions about functioning (working) the central structures of the visual system. The attempt of such analysis of the SVDp characteristics, made in the article, afforded the ground to consider SVDp as the stabilized image on the retina, not disappearing since time, and to voice the suggestion (explaining row important SVDp characteristics), that the vision sensation of the SVDp picture and the vision sensation of the background picture are created simultaneously by two central structures - accordingly, by one of the retinotopic projections and by the constant screen. Many from described in the articl the SVDp characteristics have not found else its explanations. It is expected that clarification of SVDp nature can be important scientifically (in vision physiology), and practically (in early diagnostics in ophthalmology). Bibl. 10.

 

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