G.I. Shulgina - Ph.D. (Biol.), Professor, Leading Research Scientist, State Academy of Slavic Culture (Moscow). E-mail: shulgina28@mail.ru

Neurophilosophy - the new direction of science which purpose, obviously, ? to systematize and reveal the general philosophical regularities of large volume of the actual material received when studying work of nervous system, beginning from a structure and functions of separate nervous cages and to understanding of features of their system organization when performing the highest functions of a brain, processing, fixing and reproduction of information, laws of realization of memory, consciousness, imagination and creativity of the person. It is possible to begin this systematization probably with detection of regularities, the general, using the main postulates of philosophy of dialectical materialism. First of all, it is necessary to pay attention that active work of a brain happens against decrease in entropy in distribution in time of the moments of emergence of potentials of action in comparison with a condition of rest or deep inhibition. Decrease in entropy by means of accumulation of solar energy - the general property of terrestrial flora. The brain works upside-down. Reducing entropy in work of nervous cages in a condition of activation, it generally spends energy. In a condition of a dream or deep braking, on the contrary, there are processes of increase of energy resources. The law of transition of quantity to quality. This law is the cornerstone of the main principle of information transfer in nervous system. Each neuron collects information in the form of exciting and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (EPSP and IPSP). When their total interaction reaches a threshold for generation of potential of action, the new condition of neuron arises jump. Depolarization, since an akson's hillock, covers all body of a cage, dendrites and runs on an axon and on it collaterals. Transition of quantity to quality defines process of complication of a structure of nervous system for millions of years of evolution. Diffusion nervous systems, chains and gangliya of invertebrates, complication of nervous system of vertebrata and further at the highest animals, including the person. All this arose owing to adaptation to the changing environment conditions by means of any accumulation of changes and under certain conditions sharp transition from one level of complexity to another by means of a mutation of the corresponding genes. Complication of material processes in CNS led to such transition of quantity to qualities as generation of ideal results of work of a brain - mentality of the person. Law of unity and conflict of opposites. This law also defines interaction of EPSP and IPSP. Besides, in recent years the braking depression caused by depolarization is studied in detail (depolarization suppression of inhibition - DSI). In a membrane of an active cage molecules which, interacting with the receptors located on contacts of inhibitory neurons are hinder to secrete of a inhibitory neuromediator, i.e. there is a disinhibition of this postsynaptic cage. Similar processes of influence of a post-synapse on pre-synapse can happen and concerning contacts of exciting neurons. It is known that work of nervous system is realized on the basis of any rhythms. These are rhythms of a dream and wakefulness, rhythms endogenous and exogenous, the rhythms organizing certain structures of a brain for processing of images, etc. Comparison of these rhythms to activity of separate neurons shows that in the majority rhythms are realized owing to interaction of positive and negative feedback, i.e. interaction of EPSP and IPSP. Therefore, the brain rhythmic defining difficult functions of a brain is realized under the law of unity and conflict of opposites. Law of denial by denial. A typical example of manifestation of this law is known process «inhibition by inhibition» when influence of inhibitory neuron on the subsequent neuron is eliminated with inhibitory action from the previous inhibitory neuron. There is a set and other examples of the annex of a dialectical materialism to justification of neurophilosophy.