D.V. Vereshchikov

 MESC «Zhukovsky–Gagarin Air Force Academy» (Voronezh, Russia)

The roll control of the aircraft is the main form of lateral movement designed to ensure the curvature of the trajectory in the horizontal plane due to the rotation of the lift vector lying in the conditional plane of symmetry of the aircraft. The realization of the required roll speed is ensured by creating a moment by aerodynamic controls and using gas-dynamic control. The analysis of the results of numerous theoretical and experimental studies conducted by domestic and foreign specialists allows us to assert that the requirements for the effectiveness of transverse control are formed on the basis of consideration of various target piloting tasks: the task of correcting the trajectory of the aircraft when landing at low speed, released by mechanization and atmospheric disturbances in conditions of a shortage of time until the completion of the maneuver and low flight altitude; the task of balancing the aircraft with asymmetric thrust of the power plant and external suspensions, as well as.

Ensuring the specified requirements for the characteristics of the transverse controllability of aircraft is primarily carried out by means of an aerodynamic layout, the choice of rational geometric shapes and locations of controls. As the experience of creating maneuverable military aircraft shows, it is not possible to solve this problem in the entire operational range of altitudes and flight speeds, angles of attack and aerodynamic configurations. This is due to the significant interrelation of the longitudinal and lateral forms of motion in the form of aerodynamic, kinematic and inertial cross-links.

These considerations led to the implementation of various measures in the areas of improving the local aerodynamics of aircraft and the use of automation tools. The increase in the track stability of the aircraft was achieved by using two keels and ventral ridges.

Some reduction in the adverse effect of the angle of attack on the efficiency of the ailerons was achieved.

Significant opportunities for improving, and in some cases, ensuring the transverse controllability of aircraft are provided by gasdynamic control implemented on aircraft equipped with rotary nozzles. The creation and use of digital electric control systems on board aircraft has significantly expanded the possibilities for implementing complex control algorithms that allow improving the aerobatic characteristics of the aircraft. As the analysis of their structure and functioning principles shows, adaptive algorithms that can provide the required aerobatic characteristics in a wide range of heights, speeds, kinematic parameters of aircraft movement, mass, centering characteristics, as well as aerodynamic configurations are widely used.

Currently, adaptive algorithms are implemented only in the longitudinal control channel of aircraft with digital electric control systems. In the transverse channel, adaptive algorithms are not used on aircraft, which indicates a contradiction between the need to provide the required controllability characteristics of combat aircraft in various aerodynamic configurations in a wide range of altitudes and flight speeds and the capabilities of modern digital electric control systems. The need to ensure the requirements set by regulatory documents for the characteristics of transverse controllability, the technically available capabilities of modern control systems for maneuverable aircraft and the achievements of control theory make it urgent to search for new solutions in the field of automation of control of maneuverable aircraft with various aerodynamic configurations and operated in a wide range of altitudes and flight speeds through the use of adaptive algorithms.

Vereshchikov D.V. Analysis of the results of research and technical solutions in the field of improving the transverse controllability of aircraft. Information-measuring and Control Systems. 2021. V. 19. № 5. P. 37−48. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18127/j20700814-202105-03 (in Russian)

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