V. A. Maksimov - Ph.D. (Eng.), General Director, JSC «NII «Kulon»
I. I. Shklyar - Director, JSC «NII «Kulon»
A. A. Komarov - Ph.D. (Eng.), Senior Research Scientist, JSC «NII «Kulon»

Effective radar intelligence of surface facilities is now possible owing to the fact thatradar stations with a long-lengthbody-fixed antenna implementing lateral visibility with a high distance and track line resolution weredeveloped. A quantum leap in improving the track line resolution of air intelligence radars was development of the principle of antenna aperture synthesizing. The first domestic synthetic-aperture radars (SAR) Bulatand Sablya were developed by Moscow Research Institute of Instrumentation(VegaConcern, OAO today) and applied to such aircrafts as Yak-28R and MiG-25R. SAR development was set on course of resolution and information receiving efficiencyenhancement. This was achieved by improving the techniques ofreceived radar impulsesprocessing from the firstSAR-soptical systems to modern digital SAR. Russia's first digital SAR for intelligence of surface facilities Ronsar was developedbyKulonResearch Institute, OAOaccording to the Open Skyprogram in the late 90s. The modern SAR Pika-M developed by KulonResearch Instituteprovides aresolution of up to 0.3 m, a capture range of 25 km and a maximum radius of action of 150 km. The SAR has a function of moving target selection;it provides data representation on the airborne display and transmission of information to a ground station through a wideband radio channel. A technology of construction of a SAR (Syntez) with a resolution of 10 cm and image quality equal to photographic onehas been developed. Further improvement of SAR is aimed at enhancement of efficiency of small-sized and camouflaged objects disclosure,whichis achieved by applicationof different frequencies and polarizations of radiated signals.