A.V. Solovyev1

1 Federal Research Center «Computer Science and Control» of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow, Russia)
1 soloviev@isa.ru

The digitalization of the economy and society has become an undeniable fact. In the context of digitalization, the value of information (digital data) has become a key factor in the functioning of any digital platform. At the same time, the issue of ensuring the reliability and security of long-term storage of information, both in digital form and in traditional "hard" (paper and other) forms, remains unresolved. This is due to the existing regulations for controlling the storage environment of documents in archives and the limitations on the volume of selective preservation checks due to the vast amount of stored information. At the same time, modern digital technologies, including digital twins, virtual and augmented reality, as well as storage environment control systems, can significantly simplify, at least, the control of the preservation of digital data and non-digital documents.

The purpose of the research is to develop mathematical models of digital twins of documents and long-term storage archives, including the composition of model information, models for controlling the parameters of the document storage environment, and models for simulating processes in documents.

The article presents mathematical models of digital twins of long-term storage documents and their storage environment (archive). The composition of information blocks of models is determined, technologies of virtual and augmented reality are proposed, as well as the methodology of using technologies of digital twins, virtual and augmented reality to ensure long-term preservation of digital data, electronic and paper documents.

The presented mathematical models can be used to build electronic archives that ensure long-term preservation of digital data and documents in non-digital form using digital twin technologies, virtual reality, and augmented reality. The article provides an assessment of the effectiveness of ensuring long-term preservation of data and documents in the implementation of such an archive.

Solovyev A.V. Digital twins, virtual reality, and augmented reality in the task of ensuring long-term preservation of documents // Highly Available Systems. 2026. V. 22. № 2. P. 40−51. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18127/j20729472-202602-04

1. Schilz A., Rehbein M. Digitization of Cultural Heritage. Handbook Industry 4.0: Law, Technology, Society. 2022. P. 1193–1212.
2. Blobel B. Application of industry 4.0 concept to health care. Health 2020: Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Wearable Micro and Nano Technologies for Personalized Health. 2020. V. 273. P. 23.
3. Universal Electronic Records Management (ERM) Requirements. U.S. National Archives and Records Administration. 2017. URL: https://www.archives.gov/records-mgmt/policy/universalermrequirements (data obrashheniya 19.03.2026).
4. Nikolaev D.P., Postnikov V.V., Usilin S.A. Cognitive PDF/A – texnologiya ocifrovki tekstovy`x dokumentov dlya publikacii v Internet i dolgovremennogo arxivnogo xraneniya. Trudy` ISA RAN. 2009. T. 45. S. 159–173. (In Russian).
5. Solov`ev A.V. Reshenie problemy` interpretacii cifrovy`x danny`x dolgovremennogo xraneniya. Trudy` Instituta sistemnogo analiza RAN (ISA RAN). 2021. T. 71. Vy`p. 2. S. 43–49. DOI: 10.14357/20790279210206. (In Russian).
6. Solovyev A.V. Authentication control algorithm for long-term keeping of digital data. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (MSE). 2020. V. 862(5). 052080. ISSN: 1757-8981. DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/862/5/052080
7. Federal`noe arxivnoe agentstvo (ROSARXIV). Pravila organizacii xraneniya, komplektovaniya, ucheta i ispol`zovaniya dokumentov
   Arxivnogo fonda Rossijskoj Federacii i drugix arxivny`x dokumentov v gosudarstvenny`x i municipal`ny`x arxivax, muzeyax i biblio­tekax, nauchny`x organizaciyax. 2022. URL: https://archives.gov.ru/documents/rules/pravila-2020.shtml (data obrashheniya 20.03.2026) (In Russian).
8. Privalov V.F. Obespechenie soxrannosti arxivny`x dokumentov na bumazhnoj osnove: Metodicheskoe posobie. Rosarxiv. VNIIDAD. 2003. 112 s. (In Russian).
9. Crespo C. The preservation and restoration of paper records and books: a RAMP study with guide-lines. General Information Program and UNISIST, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. 1984. 113 p.
10. Botín-Sanabria D.M. Digital twin technology challenges and applications: A comprehensive review. Remote Sensing. 2022. 14(6). P. 1335.
11. Rozhok A.P., Zykova K.I., Suschev S.P., Revetria R. The use of digital twin digital twin in the industrial sector. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. Innovative Technologies for Environmental Protection in the Modern World. 2021. 012032.
12. Kirillov D.S., Barchukova T.A. Digital twins as the basis for the digital transformation of industrial enterprises. Actual issues of econo­mics and management. Smolensk: Magenta. 2021. P. 161–164.
13. Rudskoy A.I. Digital industry based on digital twins. Devices. Moscow. 2021. V. 3(249). P. 9–16.
14. Jiang Y. Industrial applications of digital twins. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. 2021. A 379.2207. 20200360.
15. Romanovskaya V.E. Digital twin as a basis for digital design and modelling. Digital technologies in the economy and industry (ECOPROM-2019). Collection of proceedings of the national scientific-practical conference with international participation. 2019. P. 208–214.
16. Borovkov A.I., Ryabov Yu.A., Kukushkin K.V., Maruseva V.M., Kulemin V.Yu. Digital twins and digital transformation of DIC enterprises. Bulletin of the East Siberian Open Academy. 2019. V. 32. P. 1–39.
17. Zhang Y. Digital Twin. Architectures, Networks, and Applications. 2024. 126 p. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-51819-5
18. Abramov V.I., Gromyko A.A. Digital twins for digital transformation of city management. Management, economics and law: problems, research, results. Collection of articles of the International scientific-practical conference. Penza. 2021. P. 11–18.
19. Alamir H.S., Zargaryan E.V. The concept of building a digital city twin. Information technologies, system analysis and management (ITSAU-2021). Rostov-on-Don – Taganrog. 2021. P. 340–343.
20. Solov`ev A.V. Cifrovy`e dvojniki i zadacha obespecheniya dolgovremennoj soxrannosti dokumentov. Informacionny`e texnologii i vy`chislitel`ny`e sistemy`. 2024. №4. S. 17–25. DOI: 10.14357/20718632240402. (In Russian).
21. GOST R 7.0.10-2019 (ISO 15836-1:2017) Sistema standartov po informacii, bibliotechnomu i izdatel`skomu delu. Nabor e`lementov metadanny`x «Dublinskoe yadro». Osnovny`e (yaderny`e) e`lementy`. Federal`noe agentstvo po texnicheskomu regulirovaniyu i metrologii. M., 2019. 11 s. (In Russian).
22. Solov`ev A.V. Matematicheskaya model` e`lektronnogo dokumenta dolgovremennogo xraneniya. Informacionny`e texnologii i vy`chislitel`ny`e sistemy`. 2022. №2. S. 30–36. DOI: 10.14357/20718632220204. (In Russian).
23. Solov`ev A.V. Razrabotka matematicheskoj modeli metadanny`x e`lektronnogo dokumenta dolgovremennogo xraneniya. Trudy` Instituta sistemnogo analiza RAN (ISA RAN). 2022. T. 72. Vy`p. 3. S. 105–112. DOI: 10.14357/20790279220311. (In Russian).
24. Shnajer B. Prikladnaya kriptografiya. Protokoly`, algoritmy`, isxodny`e teksty` na yazy`ke Si. Per. s angl. M.: Izdatel`stvo TRIUMF. 2002. 816 s. (In Russian).