D.V. Ushakov

Modern network security devices operate traffic analysis modules, which basically alert upon triggering a specific rule, this rule analyzing a sequence of symbols within an information stream. Thus normalization and appropriate parsing of the transferred information becomes critical. Hackers normally utilize this feature and try to "avoid" detection using a number of different techniques. Evasion techniques have been known since the middle of 90-s, but it was only during the past year, that their deep investigation questioned the adequacy of the network security systems typically used within organizations