A.V. Shchegliakov1, A.V. Ubaychin2

1,2 «KB SPART» LLC (Tomsk, Russia)
2 Tomsk state university of control systems and radioelectronics (Tomsk, Russia)

1 AVSch-ov@yandex.ru, 2 anton.v.ubaychin@tusur.ru

This paper addresses the problem of increasing the response speed of the feedback loop for establishing the null balance in the measurement of fast transient radiothermal processes, such as solar flares, plasma dynamics, and abrupt changes in noise temperature at the land–water boundary, while preserving metrological performance. To develop a new method for improving the speed of a null-method microwave radiometer, to synthesize its operating algorithm, and to design a new structural scheme of a microwave radiometer. Additionally, to perform analytical modeling of the proposed radiometer algorithm and compare the results with existing approaches.

A method for improving the speed of a microwave radiometer based on the multi-receiver principle is proposed. The operating algorithm is described, and a new block diagram of a microwave radiometer with four receivers is presented. The proposed design reduces the null-balance settling time by more than three times compared to a null-method microwave radiometer with two receivers when studying fast transient radiothermal processes with abrupt changes in noise temperature. Timing diagrams illustrating the operating principle of the proposed radiometer are presented. Results of analytical modeling of the null-balance algorithm and measurement errors for fast transient radiothermal processes with abrupt changes in noise temperature are also provided.

The proposed microwave radiometer with four receivers enables the observation of new phenomena and subtle effects in the analysis of fast transient radiothermal processes in meteorology, remote sensing, medical diagnostics, non-destructive testing, and other scientific and applied fields.

Shchegliakov A.V., Ubaychin A.V. Null method microwave radiometer with four receivers for the study of fast transient radiothermal processes. Achievements of modern radioelectronics. 2026. V. 80. № 5. P. 5–15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18127/j20700784-202605-01
[in Russian]

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