E.V. Bogatyrev1, R.G. Galeev2, K.A. Ignatkov3, O.A. Kuvshinov4, V.Ya. Noskov5

1,2 JSC «SPE «Radiosvyaz» (Krasnoyarsk, Russia)
1 Siberian Federal University (Krasnoyarsk, Russia)
3–5 Ural Federal University (Yekaterinburg, Russia)

1 bogatyrev@krtz.su, 2 info@krtz.su, 3 k.a.ignatkov@urfu.ru, 4 o.a.kuvshinov@urfu.ru, 5 v.y.noskov@urfu.ru

Autodyne-type transceiver systems (or simply autodynes) are small-sized, reliable and technologically advanced devices that have found wide application in solving various tasks in transport, industry, scientific research and military affairs. The principle of operation of such devices is based on the autodyne effect, which consists in changes in the amplitude, frequency and operating current of the self-oscillator when exposed to reflected radiation. Registration of these changes in the form of signals and their processing make it possible to obtain information about the reflecting object and its motion parameters. When reflected radiation from a moving object is applied to an autodyne, the frequency of the autodyne response is equal to the Doppler frequency. In this regard, autodynes are most widely used in simple Doppler short-range radar systems (SRRS) for solving problems of measuring speed, distance traveled, acceleration, amplitude and frequency of vibrations, as well as detecting moving objects.

The use of various types of radiation modulation (amplitude, frequency, phase, pulse) significantly improves the parameters and expands the functionality of the autodyne SRRS (ASRRS). At the same time, the most promising is the use of complex types of modulation in ASRRS, in which several types of them are combined simultaneously, for example, pulse (PM) and frequency (FM) modulations. The modulation of the probing frequency and the corresponding processing of the radio signal reflected from the location object by the autodyne provide the possibility of forming so-called “dead zones” and “selection zones” at specified distances, as well as increasing the noise immunity of the ASRRS to both active and passive interference. An additional increase in the ASRRS’s resistance to interference and the ability to form the far boundary of the detection zone by distance provide them. In addition, the intermittent operation of the oscillator increases the secrecy of the operation of such ASRRS, and also significantly reduces their energy consumption. The basic properties of their signaling characteristics are currently well studied.

However, the features of the formation of noise characteristics and their relationship to the signal characteristics of radio pulse ASRRS, taking into account the actual nonlinearity of the modulation characteristics of the frequency of microwave and EHF oscillators, have not yet been studied. The need for this consideration increases especially in the context of the use of large values of the radiation frequency deviation in the EHF range, when the task is to maximize the resolution of radio pulse ASRRS with FM in range. Therefore, the main purpose of this work is to analyze the features of the formation of signal and noise characteristics of ASRRS with simultaneous PM and FM, taking into account the nonlinearity of the modulation characteristic. An additional purpose of the article is to describe one of the methods for correcting the law of FM probing radiation of radio pulse autodyne, based on the use of modern high-performance signal processors.

The article performs numerical modeling of the formation of signals and noise in ASRRS with simultaneous PM and FM in the case of non-linearity of the modulation characteristics of microwave and EHF oscillators. The calculation allows us to conclude that the nonlinearity of the FM modulation characteristic is one of its most important parameters, since even a small nonlinearity of this characteristic leads to a significant change in the instantaneous frequency of the autodyne signal, as well as distortion of its shape and spectrum. The degree of linearity of this characteristic and its stability depend on the algorithm for processing the autodyne signal, the error in measuring range and speed, the required amount of frequency deviation, and a number of other parameters of the ASRRS with simultaneous PM and FM. A method for linearization of the tuning characteristics of a microwave and EHF oscillator by quasi-static correction of the control voltage using a digital signal processor has been described. The use of this method and digital processing of the autodyne signal in the ASRRS with simultaneous PM and FM make it possible to solve the problem of achieving extremely high accuracy and resolution in measuring range without complicating the design of the microwave and EHF transceiver modules.

Bogatyrev E.V., Galeev R.G., Ignatkov K.A., Kuvshinov O.A., Noskov V.Ya. Effect of nonlinear frequency modulation on the formation of signal and noise characteristics of autodyne radars with simultaneous pulse and frequency modulation of radiation. Achievements of modern radioelectronics. 2026. V. 80. № 2. P. 20–38. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18127/j20700784-202602-03 [in Russian]

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