M.Yu. Nikolshin1, K.A. Boikov2

1,2 MIREA – Russian University of Technology (Moscow, Russia)
1 mihail-n97@yandex.ru, 2 nauchnyi@yandex.ru

In autonomous devices, in particular in rocket and space technology, diagnostics carried out without the participation of an operator and the re-switching of electronic devices are in demand. These requirements are met by radio wave technical diagnostics, which
examines the radiation of an electronic device in the near field after it is switched on. Since the superposition of vibrations is unique for each electronic device, it is called a signal radio profile (SRP). Contact radio wave diagnostics is also fundamentally possible, in which the SRP is analyzed as the consumption current of an electronic device modulated by a high frequency due to the presence of oscillatory circuits in the electronic device consisting of parasitic and concentrated reactivities. When charging capacitances through inductors, fluctuations occur in these circuits, the parameters of which determine the state of the electronic device.

To register the SRP, a current sensor is required that converts the current consumption of the electronic device into a voltage. This is necessary for its digitization, since analog-to-digital converters have voltage as an input function. Digitized SRP can be stored and processed on a computer using modern digital signal processing methods, various types of SRP analysis can be performed – time-frequency analysis, spectral analysis, etc.

Various types of current sensors are analyzed. Due to the narrow frequency range, current transformers, magneto-optical and magnetoresistive sensors were excluded from consideration. The Rogovsky coil was excluded due to the need to use a integrator (1). Hall sensor-based converters have a narrow frequency range, so they can be used to register SRP at frequencies up to 100 MHz. Special attention is paid to resistive current sensors (shunts) of coaxial and surface-mounted (SMD) designs, since they have the widest frequency band. Other advantages of resistive shunts include low parasitic parameters, low cost, and the possibility of parallel activation of SMD shunts to increase power and/or change the total resistance without significantly increasing the parasitic parameters of the resistor assembly.

The scope of application of resistive shunts is indicated. Specific types of low-resistance SMD resistors are given, the parameters of which meet the requirements of the standard for electronic component base for rocket and space technology devices. Also, the types of resistors that can be used in the laboratory are presented.

The effect of the shunt on the electronic device under study is shown, and a formula is given for calculating the critical resistance, above which the oscillatory process of the SRP turns into an aperiodic one. A method for calculating the shunt resistance has been developed and described, taking into account the parameters of the recording device. The shunt calculated according to this technique will have the lowest possible resistance for a particular recording device. The lowest resistance is necessary to minimize the effect of the shunt on the Q-factor of parasitic and concentrated oscillatory circuits, which make up the electronic circuit of the device under study.

Nikolshin M.Yu., Boikov K.A. Current-to-voltage converters for contact radio wave technical diagnostics devices for rocket and space electronic devices. Achievements of modern radioelectronics. 2025. V. 79. № 5. P. 92–100. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18127/j20700784-202505-11 [in Russian]

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