A.R. Ilchuk1, V.I. Merkulov2, D.V. Zakomoldin3

1 JSC «RPC «Istok» named after Shokin" (Fryazino, Moscow region, Russia)
2 JSC Vega Radio Engineering Corporation (Moscow, Russia)
3 Zhukov Air and Space Defence Academy (Tver, Russia)
1 arilchuk@istokmw.ru, 2 ilya-zagrebelnyi@mail.ru, 3 denjuga68@yandex.ru

The expansion of the range of high-speed aircraft (HSA) adopted by advanced countries with a number of significant tactical and economic advantages determines the need to develop interception systems. The initial stage in the creation of such systems, which determines the possibility of intercepting HSA in the future, is the development of systems for detecting them on the flight path.

In this regard, according to foreign sources, the article provides an overview of possible ways to solve this problem using sensors of the optical (infrared, ultraviolet and visible) range of electromagnetic waves. Based on the analysis of the features of the functioning of these sensors for detecting high-speed aircraft on the trajectory, an approach to their integration with radar detectors within the framework of a single integrated detection system for various variants of their spatial placement is considered.

Ilchuk A.R., Merkulov V.I., Zakomoldin D.V. The problems of intercepting high-speed aircraft maneuvering according to complex laws. Part 4. Assessment of the detection capabilities of high-speed aircraft by optical systems. Achievements of modern radioelectronics. 2025. V. 79. № 4. P. 19–25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18127/j20700784-202504-02 [in Russian]

1. Verba V.S., Merkulov V.I., Zakomoldin D.V. Problemy` perexvata vy`sokoskorostny`x letatel`ny`x apparatov, manevriruyushhix po slozhny`m zakonam. Ch. 1. Osobennosti primeneniya vy`sokoskorostny`x letatel`ny`x apparatov, uslozhnyayushhie ix perexvat. Uspexi sovremennoj radioe`lektroniki. 2024. № 3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18127/j20700784-202403-01 [in Russian]
2. Verba V.S., Merkulov V.I., Zakomoldin D.V. Lixachev V.P. Problemy` perexvata vy`sokoskorostny`x letatel`ny`x apparatov, manevriruyushhix po slozhny`m zakonam. Ch. 2. Analiz traektorij poleta zarubezhny`x letatel`ny`x apparatov. Uspexi sovremennoj radioe`lektroniki. 2024. № 4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18127/j20700784-202404-01 [in Russian]
3. Il`chuk A.R., Merkulov V.I., Zakomoldin D.V. Problemy` perexvata vy`sokoskorostny`x letatel`ny`x apparatov, manevriruyushhix po slozhny`m zakonam. Ch. 3. Osobennosti radiolokacionnogo nablyudeniya. Uspexi sovremennoj radioe`lektroniki. 2024. № 9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18127/j20700784-202409-01 [in Russian]
4. Aviacionny`e sistemy` radioupravleniya / Pod red. V.S. Verby` i V.I. Merkulova. M.: Radiotexnika. 2014. 376 s.
5. See Pavel Podvig, “History and the Current Status of the Russian Early-Warning System,”“Science and Global Security” 10 (2002): 21–60, http:// scienceandglobalsecurity.org/archive/sgs10podvig.pdf; Jeffrey T. Richelson, “America’s Space Sentinels: The History of the DSP and SBIRS Satellite Systems” (Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 2018).
6. Cameron L. Tracy and David Wright. Modeling the Performance of Hypersonic Boost-Glide Missiles. Science & global security. 2020. V. 28. № 3. P. 135–170.
7. Law Yee Wei, Gliponeo John, Singh, Dilpreet et al. Detecting and tracking hypersonic glide vehicle: A cybersecurity-engineering analysis of academic literature / Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security. 2023. P. 189–198.
8. Dai Y., Wu Y., Zhou F. and Barnard K. Attentional Local Contrast Networks for Infrared Small Target Detection. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing. 2021. V. 59. № 11. P. 9813–9824.
9. Tom Karako, Masao Dahlgren. Complex Air Defense Countering the Hypersonic Missile Threat. A Report of the CSIS Missile Defense Project. 2022. P. 62.
10. Qinglin Niu et al. Infrared Radiation Characteristics of a Hypersonic Vehicle under Time-Varying Angles of Attack. Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 32. 2019. № 4. P. 861–74.
11. Liu M., Du H.-Y., Zhao Y.-J. et al. Image Small Target Detection based on Deep Learning with SNR Controlled Sample Generation. Current Trends in Computer Science and Mechanical Automation. V. 1: Selected Papers from CSMA2018. De Gruyter. 2018. P. 211–220.
12. Verba V.S. Aviacionny`e kompleksy` radiolokacionnogo dozora i navedeniya. Principy` postroeniya, problemy` razrabotki i osobennosti funkcionirovaniya. M.: Radiotexnika. 2014. 528 s.
13. Besser H.-L. et al. Hypersonic Vehicles: Game Changers for Future Warfare?. Transforming Joint Air Power. The Journal of the JAPCC. 2017. № 24. P. 11–27.
14. Zhang J., et al. A search method for a hypersonic gliding vehicle based on early warning information guidance. IET Radar Sonar Navig. 2022. 16(7). P. 1162–1175.