E.V. Bogatyrev1, R.G. Galeev2, K.A. Ignatkov3, A.S. Luchinin4, V.Ya. Noskov5

1,2 JSC «SPE «Radiosvyaz» (Krasnoyarsk, Russia)

1,2 Siberian Federal University (Krasnoyarsk, Russia)

3–5 Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin (Ekaterinburg, Russia)

3–5 Institute of Radio Electronics and Information Technologies (Ekaterinburg, Russia)

1,2 info@krtz.su, 3 k.a.ignatkov@urfu.ru, 4 r303las@mail.ru, 5 v.y.noskov@urfu.ru

The simulation of the signals of laser autodyne sensors is performed in conditions of rapid movement of the reflector, when it is necessary to take into account an arbitrary ratio of the period of the autodyne signal and the delay time of the reflected radiation. The initial equations describing the formation of single-mode laser diode signals under the specified conditions are given. The solution of the initial equations is obtained by decomposing into a series of delayed action functions. Calculations of signal characteristics at various normalized ranges to the location object and levels of reflected radiation characterized by a generalized feedback parameter are performed. New results in the theory of laser self-mixer sensors have been obtained, from which it follows that with an increase in the speed of the location object, when the delay time of reflected radiation becomes commensurate or more than the period of the autodyne signal, the level of its anharmonic distortion decreases significantly. It is noted that the obtained results must be taken into account when processing signals in equipment using the autodyne principle of constructing laser transceivers.

Bogatyrev E.V., Galeev R.G., Ignatkov K.A., Luchinin A.S., Noskov V.Ya. Simulation of laser autodyne signals with fast-moving reflector. Achievements of modern radioelectronics. 2025. V. 79. № 1. P. 17–29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18127/ j20700784-202501-02 [in Russian]

1. Giuliani G., Norgia M., Donati S., Bosch T. Laser diode self-mixing technique for sensing applications (Review article). Journal of Optics A: Pure and Applied Optics. 2002. Vol. 4. P. 283–294. DOI: 10.1088/1464-4258/4/6/371.
2. Usanov D.A., Skripal' Al.V., Skripal' An.V. Fizika poluprovodnikovykh radiochastotnykh i opticheskikh avtodinov. Saratov: Izd-vo Saratovskogo un-ta. 2003. [in Russian]
3. Usanov D.A., Skripal' A.V. Poluprovodnikovye lazernye avtodiny dlya izmereniya parametrov dvizheniya pri mikro- i nanosmeshcheniyakh. Saratov: Izdatel'stvo Saratovskogo universiteta. 2014. [in Russian]
4. Donati S., Norgia M. Overview of self-mixing interferometer applications to mechanical engineering. Optical Engineering. 2018. V. 57. № 5. 051506. DOI: 10.1117/1.OE.57.5.051506.
5. Fluckiger D.U., Keyes R. J., Shapiro J.N. David Fluckiger. Optical autodyne detection: theory and experiment. Applied Optics. 1987. V. 26. № 2. P. 318–325. DOI: 10.1364/AO.26.000318.
6. Lacot E., Glastre W., Jacquin O., Hugon O., de Chatellus H.G. Optimization of an autodyne laser interferometer for high-speed confocal imaging. Journal of the Optical Society of America A.. 2013. V. 30. № 1. P. 60–70. DOI: 10.1364/JOSAA.30.000060.
7. Patent US5825465A. Autodyne detection laser velocimeter. Nerin P., Besesty P., Giraud H., Mouttet A. Publication of Oct. 20, 1998.
8. Bershteyn I.L. Vozdeystvie otrazhennogo signala na rabotu lazera. Izvestiya vuzov. Radiofizika. 1973. T. 16. № 4. C. 526–530. [in Russian]
9. Kazarinov R.F., Suris R.A. Geterodinnyy priem sveta inzhektsionnym lazerom. ZhTF. 1974. T. 66. Vyp. 3. C. 1067–1078. [in Russian]
10. Tumanov B.N., Levit B.I., Babich A.S. Avtodinnyy effekt v gazovykh lazerakh. Izv. vuzov. Radiofizika. 1978. T. 21. № 9. C. 1260–1267. [in Russian]
11. Levit B.I. Issledovanie avtodinnogo effekta v kvantovykh generatorakh: dissertatsiya kand. fiz.-mat. nauk. N. Tagil. 1981. [in Russian]
12. Gershenzon E.M., Tumanov B.N., Buzykin V.T., Kalygina V.M., Levit B.I. Obshchie kharakteristiki i osobennosti avtodinnogo effekta v avtogeneratorakh. Radiotekhnika i elektronika. 1982. T. 27. № 1. C. 104–112. [in Russian]
13. Lang R., Kobayashi S. External optical feedback effects on semiconductor injection laser properties. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics. 1980. V. 16. № 3. R. 347–355. DOI: 10.1109/JQE.1980.1070479.
14. Kobayashi S., Yamamoto Yo., Ito M., Kimura T. Direct frequency modulation in AIGaAs semiconductor lasers. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics. 1982. V. 18. № 4. R. 582–595. DOI: 10.1109/JQE.1982.1071603.
15. Ohtsubo J. Semiconductor Lasers: Stability, Instability and Chaos (4-th Ed). Springer. 2017.
16. Sobolev V.S., Utkin E.N., Shcherbachenko A.M., Stolpovskiy A.A., Kashcheeva G.A. Aktivnaya lazernaya interferometriya: sostoyanie i perspektivy. Avtometriya. 2004. T. 40. № 6. S. 4–18. [in Russian]
17. Taimre T., Nikolic M., Bertling K., Lim Y.L., Rakic A.D., Bosch T. Laser Feedback Interferometry: A Tutorial on the Self-Mixing Effect for Coherent Sensing. Advances in Optics and Photonics. 2015. V. 7. № 3. P. 570–631. DOI: 10.1364/AOP.7.000570.
18. Acket G.A., Lenstra D., Boef J. den, Verbeek B.H. The influence of feedback intensity on longitudinal mode properties and optical noise in index-guided semiconductor lasers. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics. 1984. V. 20. № 10. P. 1163–1169. DOI: 10.1109/JQE.1984.1072281.
19. Taimre T., Rakic A.D. On the nature of Acket’s characteristic parameter C in semiconductor lasers. Applied Optics. 2014. V. 53. P. 1001–1006. DOI: 10.1364/AO.53.001001.
20. Kal'yanov E.V. Avtoparametricheskaya sistema s zapazdyvaniem i inertsionnost'yu. Zhurnal tekhnicheskoy fiziki. 2007. T. 77. № 8. S. 1–5. [in Russian]
21. Solodov A.V., Solodova E.A. Sistemy s peremennym zapazdyvaniem. M.: Nauka. 1980. [in Russian]
22. Koronkevich V.P., Sobolev V.S., Dubnishchev Yu.N. Lazernaya interferometriya. Novosibirsk: Nauka. 1983. [in Russian]
23. Noskov V.Ya., Ignatkov K.A. Dinamicheskie osobennosti avtodinnykh signalov. Izvestiya vuzov. Fizika. 2013. T. 56. № 4. S. 56–64. [in Russian]
24. Noskov V.Ya., Ignatkov K.A. Autodyne signals in case of random delay time of the reflected radiation. Telecommunication and Radio Engineering. 2013. V. 72. № 16. P. 1521–1536. DOI: 10.1615/TelecomRadEng.v72.i16.70.
25. Noskov V.Ya., Ignatkov K.A. Dinamika formirovaniya avtodinnogo otklika SVCh generatorov. Izvestiya vuzov. Radioelektronika. 2013. T. 56. № 5. S. 21–41. DOI: 10.20535/S0021347013050026. [in Russian]
26. Noskov V.Ya., Bogatyrev E.V., Galeev R.G., Ignatkov K.A., Vishnyakov D.S. Sovremennye gibridno-integral'nye avtodinnye generatory mikrovolnovogo i millimetrovogo diapazonov i ikh primenenie. Chast' 17. Perekhodnye protsessy radioimpul'snykh avtodinov. Uspekhi sovremennoy radioelektroniki. 2023. T. 77. № 11. S. 5–36. DOI: 10.18127/j20700784-202311-01. [in Russian]