350 rub
Journal Achievements of Modern Radioelectronics №4 for 2013 г.
Article in number:
Ship monitoring from space: space segment of AIS. Results and development prospects
Keywords: AIS receiver satellite monitoring
Authors:
А.А. Romanov, А.А. Romanov, А.А. Kuznetsov
Abstract:
In this article the results of more than 30 missions for ships detection by the signal of automatic identification system (AIS) on board the spacecraft (SC) are analyzed. A comparison of various space programs on number of detected vessels, number of decoded AIS messages on average per turn and per second has been done. The effect of different signal processing schemes (coherent, non-coherent), different antenna types (monopole, phased array antenna, helix, quadrifilar helix), a constellation of satellites and other factors on the number of decoded AIS messages and detected vessels has been analyzed. The technical characteristics of developing space segment of the AIS (S-AIS) are presented, and the analysis of correspondence between the modern space-based AIS receivers and necessary technical requirements has been done. According to the results of the comparative analysis, the best indicator of the number of decoded AIS messages and the number of detected vessels in turn belongs to SC ExactView-1 of company ExactView: 1.5 million, 45 thousand, respectively, which is 1.5 times higher than the results of other space-based receivers. AIS receivers installed on the spacecraft of ExactView distinguish himself from the receivers of other companies: on board the spacecraft is only digitizing and recording original signal AIS and then it relayed to Earth. AIS messages are decoded already on the Earth with the help of specially developed algorithms. ExactView space segment together with the ground-based network of base stations can detect 85 thousand ships daily, which is 90-95% of the total number of vessels with AIS transponder. The paper provides an overview and analysis of current research papers on the topic of increasing the probability of detection of terrestrial AIS from space. The paper discusses the development trends of this technology in the near future.
Pages: 64-72
References
  1. IALA. Technical Clarifications on ITU Recommendation ITU-RM.1371-1. Edition 1.5. IALA-AISM, 2005 [Veb-uzelor­ganizacii IALA: www.IALA.com].
  2. ITU. Recommendation ITU-R M.1371-4: Technical charac­teristics for an automatic identification system using time-division multiple access in the VHF maritime mobile band. http://www.itu.int (dataobrashhenija: 01.03.2012).
  3. NordicSpace. Tracking ships from ISS. http://www.nordic­space.net/PDF/NSA240.pdf (dataobrashhenija: 01.03.2012).
  4. Veb-uzel kompanii ExactEarth: www.exactearth.com.
  5. Veb-uzel kompanii OHB: URL: www.ohb.com.
  6. Veb-uzel kompanii KongsbergSeatex AS: www.kongsberg­seatex.com.
  7. Veb-uzel kompanii SpaseQuest: www.spasequest.com.
  8. Veb-uzel kompanii Orbcomm: www.orbcomm.com.
  9. PasteMare project Final Report. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu (dataobrashhenija: 01.03.2012).
  10. Rapid Construction, Launch, and On-Orbit Operation of Two AIS Satellites Dino A. Lorenzini and Daniel E. CaJacob. http://ais.spacequest.com/sites/ais.spacequest.com/files/RS8-Paper.pdf (dataobrashhenija: 01.03.2012).
  11. Turner Brinton. Space Hardware Firm Doubles Down on Ship Tracking Service // Ezhednevnajagazeta«Space News». Aprel 2010. C. 14.
  12. Skauen T., Eriksen A. N.idr. Tracking ship traffic with space-based AIS: Experience gained in first months of operations // Materialykonferencii«Waterside Security Conference (WSS)». 2010.
  13. Ruy G., Schwarzenbarth K., van Schie B., Frappé J.-B., Ries Ph., Moser H. J.Buursink VesselSat: Building two micro­satellites in one year // Materialy simpoziuma «Proceed­ings of the 4S. Small Satellites Systems and Services». Portoroz, 2012.
  14. Huffine Ch., Duffey S. N. T. On-orbit results from the TACSAT-2 ACTD target indicator experiment ais payload // Materia­lysimpoziuma «The 4S Symposium. Small Satellites Sys­tems and Services». Nordvizhk, 2008.
  15. TACSAT-2 Target Indicator Experiment (TIE) AIS Payload Overview Ch. Huffine: http://www.dtic.mil/ndia/2007USCG/Huffine.pdf (data obrashhenija: 01.03.2012).
  16. Danish Maritime Agency: ESA mulighetsstudie for et euro­peisk 2009.
  17. A self-deploying and self-stabilizing helical antenna for small satellites. J. Block. URL: http://elib.dlr.de/66584/1/IAC-10-C2-2-2.pdf (data obrashhenija: 01.03.2012).
  18. ESPAIS AIS System Study - Final Report. URL: http://www.ohb-system.de/main-company.html (data obra­shhenija: 01.03.2012).
  19. Automatic Identification System on-board ResourceSat-2 // Materialykonferencii«National User Meeting SB-AIS ISTRAC». Bangalor. 2010.
  20. Oystein Olsen, Per Christian Berntsen, Karsten Strauch, Nader Alagha Øystein Helleren, Technology reference and proof-of-concept for a space-based automatic identification system for maritime security // Materialykonferencii«Proceedings of the IAA Symposium on Small Satellite Systems and Services (4S)». Rodos. 2008.
  21. Olsen O., Helleren O., Olsen R. A Norwegian Satellite for Space-based Observations of AIS in the High North Bjorn T Narheim. URL: http://www.utias-sfl.net/docs/LivePapersAs­OfJan2011/SSC08-III-3.pdf (data obrashhenija: 01.03.2012).
  22. Gudrun Høye, Bjørn Narheim, Bente Jensløkken Meland Tor­kild EriksenMaritime traffic monitoring using a space-based AIS receiver // Acta Astronautica. №58. Iss. 10. May 2006. P. 537-549.
  23. Indonesia-s Equatorial Orbit Twin Satellites for Space-based Safety Application in the Disaster Mitigation and Relief Effort // Materialy konferencii «Asia Pacific Regional Space Agency Forum». Bangkok. 2010.
  24. Clark J. S., Stocker J., Mitchell G. S., Wyckoff P., Hicks J. E. AIS/GMSK receiver on FPGA platform for satellite applica­tion // Materialy konferencii «Digital Wireless Commu­nications VII and Space Communication Technologies». Vai, 2005. C. 403-414.
  25. Jurado Gallardo M.A., Ruy G.Novel demodulator for spaceborne AIS reception with increased robustness against noise // Materialy konferencii «4th International Sympo­sium on Communications, Control and Signal Processing». 2010.
  26. Gallardo M. J., Sorger U. Coherent receiver for AIS satellite detection // Materialy konferencii «4th International Sym­posium on Communications Control and Signal Processing». Limassol. 2010.
  27. Coulon M., Bonacci D., LeMaitre J., Millerioux J.-P., Tour­neret J.-Y., Prevost R. Interference mitigation and error correction method for AIS signals received by satellite // Ma­terialy konferencii «European Signal Procedure». Bukha­rest. 2012.
  28. ExactEarth AIS from Space // Materialy konferencii «TEXAS III». Vashington. 2009.
  29. Coraluppi S., Grasso R., Grignan P., Carthel C. Fusion of AIS, RADAR and SAR data for maritime surveillance // Materia­ly konferencii «SPIE Europe Remote Sensing». Floren­cija. 2007.
  30. ORBCOMM Worldwide AIS Data from Space. URL: http://www.gmsa.gov (data obrashhenija: 01.03.2012).
  31. Space station keeps watch on world-s sea traffic. URL: http://www.esa.int/SPECIALS/Technology/SEMILOPK2AG_0. html (data obrashhenija: 01.03.2012).
  32. ORBCOMM Worldwide AIS Data from Space. URL: http://www.gmsa.gov/TEXAS/briefs/Worldwide%20AIS%20from%20Space%20ORBCOMM%20-%20Texas%20IV%20-%209-28-10.ppt (data obrashhenija: 01.03.2012).
  33. ORBCOMM prepares for Launch of second AIS SATEL­LITE VesselSat2 Ships to Launch Pad Following Successful Testing. [Business Wire] URL: http://www.orbcomm.com/ about-us-news-events-press-releases.htm (dataobrashhenija: 01.03.2012).
  34. Elliott Coleshill AIS: Technology Development to Commer­cialization // Materialy konferencii «NSAW (National Space Awareness Workshop)». Ottava. 2010.
  35. LAPAN Satellite Development and Their Operation Toto Mar­nantoKadri. URL: http://www.aprsaf.org/data/aprsaf17_data /Day2-csa_1200_T_Marnanto_Kadri.pdf (dataobrashhenija: 01.03.2012).
  36. Bjorn T. Norsworthy, Ross Narheim AIS modeling and a satellite for AIS observations in the high north. 2008.