A.Y. Ayrapetova, G.S.Guteneva, D.A. Konovalov

The aim of this study is to obtain and purify water-soluble polysaccharides from the fruit body of Agaric collected in the Altai region, and to study their immunotropic effect on animals. Fruit body of Agaric (Fomitopsis officinalis (Vill.) Bondartsev & Singer), Polyporaceae family, class Basidiomycetes - Basidiomycetes), crushed to a size of 3 mm, was extracted sequentially in the Soxhlet apparatus by hexane, chloroform and ethyl alcohol until complete exhaustion of raw materials. The solvent was dried out and the work material was extracted three times by water with stirring at 700C. The extraction of polysaccharides was carried out until the negative reaction to carbohydrates by the phenol-sulfuric method. The obtained aqueous extract was filtered, combined, concentrated and precipitated with alcohol, cooled at - 50 °C for 3 hours. The solution with the precipitate was centrifuged. The precipitate was washed by alcohol, freeze-dried, weighed, the yield was 6.38 %. The study of immunotropic action was carried out on albino rats which were divided into three groups. The first group consisted of intact animals (control-1), the second one had animals which were injected with the officinal drug «Befungin» ? the reference drug (control 2), and the third experimental group had rats which received fraction of water-soluble polysaccharides from the fruit body of Agaric (experiment). The study of non-specific and specific immune parameters in blood and rats spleen under the influence of water-soluble polysaccharides from the fruit body of Agaric was carried out. Nonspecific cellular factors were studied using phagocytosis by adding daily culture of Esherichia coli (strain 0 11) to citrate blood. In blood smears indicators of neutrophils phagocytic activity were counted: the phagocytic activity of leukocytes (PAL), phagocytic index of leukocytes (PIL), the rate of phagocytosis completion (RPC). There was an increase of blood neutrophils phagocytic activity indicators (PAL ? by 47 %, PIL-59%, PPC - 59 %, respectively). Specific defense mechanisms to assess cell-mediated immunity was studied on the model of primary immune response formation by determining the rosette cells in the spleen of rats. It is found that the administration of water-soluble polysaccharide fractions from the fruit body of Agaric leads to the stimulation of the formation of immune response by cellular type in rats spleen. Number of rosette cells in rats spleen treated with the water-soluble polysaccharides increased by 75% compared to the group of intact animals. The polysaccharides of Agaric fruit body possess immunotropic action and stimulates cellular part of the immune system, which is promising in the prevention and complex treatment of cancer.